Estrategias innovadoras para reducir barreras de acceso a servicios de salud en áreas rurales y urbano-marginales: Lecciones aprendidas y desafíos futuros
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14094826Palabras clave:
acceso a servicios de salud, áreas rurales, comunidades marginadas, telemedicina, innovación en salud, equidad en salud, participación comunitariaResumen
Objetivo: Examinar las estrategias innovadoras para reducir barreras de acceso a servicios de salud en áreas rurales y urbano-marginales, analizar su efectividad, identificar lecciones aprendidas y discutir desafíos futuros.
Métodos: Se realizó una revisión narrativa de literatura académica y gris publicada entre 2013-2023, utilizando bases de datos como PubMed, Scopus y Google Scholar. Se incluyeron artículos, informes y estudios de caso sobre estrategias de acceso a salud en áreas desatendidas.
Resultados: Se identificaron cinco estrategias principales: telemedicina y salud móvil, unidades móviles de salud, formación de personal local, integración de medicina tradicional y occidental, y programas de incentivos económicos. La evidencia sugiere que estas estrategias pueden mejorar significativamente el acceso a servicios de salud, aunque su efectividad depende del contexto local y la implementación. Factores clave de éxito incluyen la participación comunitaria, adaptación al contexto local e integración con sistemas existentes. Desafíos persistentes incluyen sostenibilidad financiera, infraestructura inadecuada y resistencia al cambio.
Conclusiones: Mejorar el acceso a servicios de salud en áreas rurales y marginadas requiere un enfoque multisectorial, inversión en infraestructura y tecnología, fortalecimiento de la fuerza laboral de salud, y mecanismos de adaptabilidad y aprendizaje continuo. Se necesita más investigación sobre impacto a largo plazo, modelos de financiamiento innovadores y aplicación de tecnologías emergentes.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Andrés Giménez, Federico Fariña, Luz Navarro, Daisy Román, Laura Fretes, Emilio Arriola Bareiro (Autor/a)
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