Level of knowledge about colorectal cancer, risk factors, and preventive measures in users of a reference hospital in Paraguay

Abstract

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents one of the neoplasms with the highest mortality rates in developing countries, constituting a public health problem that demands early diagnosis. Lack of population knowledge regarding its symptoms and risk factors is a critical barrier to prevention.

Objective: To determine the level of knowledge about colon cancer, its clinical manifestations, risk factors, and preventive measures in users attending the coloproctology service of the National Hospital of Itauguá.

Materials and Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, and prospective study was conducted during October 2018. The non-probability convenience sample included 50 users of the coloproctology outpatient clinic. A structured survey was used to collect sociodemographic data and measure specific knowledge. Bioethical principles of confidentiality and autonomy were respected.

Results: 54% of the sample were male, with a predominant age range of 17 to 27 years (34%). Although 42% possessed university education, knowledge was suboptimal: only 58% correctly identified the affected organ, 48% recognized changes in bowel habits as symptoms, and misconceptions about risk factors persisted, such as attributing the disease to hemorrhoids (48%). No knowledge indicator reached the optimal level of 80%.

Conclusions: There is a significant information deficit in the studied population regarding colorectal cancer. It is imperative to implement health education strategies to promote self-care and adherence to screening tests.