Physicochemical quality of the Tebicuary River in a sector of the department of Misiones, Paraguay
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21745235Keywords:
water quality, Tebicuary River, physicochemical parameters, surface waters, ParaguayAbstract
Introduction: Surface water quality conditions its domestic, recreational, agricultural, and ecological use. Rivers exposed to urban, agricultural, and livestock activities may show physicochemical alterations that affect both the ecosystem and the populations that depend on them.
Objective: To describe the physicochemical quality of samples obtained from the middle channel of the Tebicuary River, in the jurisdiction of San Juan Bautista, department of Misiones, Paraguay, and to compare them with the reference values of MADES Resolution No. 222/02 for class 2 waters.
Materials and methods: A descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted. An in situ collection of 6,000 mL of water was performed from August to November 2023, distributed as 3,000 mL from the shore and 3,000 mL from the depth of the middle channel. Fifteen physicochemical parameters were analyzed using electrometric, conductimetric, nephelometric, spectrophotometric, macro Kjeldahl, five-day test, azide modification, and gravimetric methods.
Results: Of the 15 parameters evaluated, 11 were within the reference values and 4 showed noncompliance in at least one of the two sampled zones. The parameters that exceeded or did not meet the reference value were true color, pH, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen. True color reached 145 mg Pt/L at the shore and 148 mg Pt/L at depth, above the maximum value of 75 mg Pt/L. pH was 5.89 and 5.82, below the acceptable range of 6–9. Total phosphorus was 0.056 mg P/L at the shore and 0.045 mg P/L at depth, with exceedance in the first zone relative to the 0.05 mg P/L limit. Total nitrogen reached 1.19 mg N/L and 1.12 mg N/L, above the reference value of 0.6 mg N/L.
Conclusions: The point characterization showed that most physicochemical parameters were within reference values, but not all complied with the applicable regulation; therefore, samples from the studied sector of the Tebicuary River cannot be interpreted as having full physicochemical compliance.
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