Modificaciones de estilo de vida para prevenir y controlar la hipertensión arterial
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4290667Palabras clave:
hipertensión arterial, factores de riesgo, prevención, estilo de vidaResumen
Introducción: La hipertensión arterial es el factor de riesgo más importante y modificable para la enfermedad cardiovascular y la mortalidad. El alto consumo de sal puede predisponer a los niños a desarrollar hipertensión más adelante. Una reducción moderada en el consumo de sal de la población en todo el mundo daría lugar a una mejora importante en la salud pública.
Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sistematizada sobre modificaciones de estilo de vida vinculadas con la prevención y el control de la hipertensión arterial. Se seleccionaron artículos de investigación original publicados en revistas científicas internacionales indexadas revisadas por pares disponibles en texto completo.
Resultados: Existen varias estrategias que pueden usarse para promover el abandono del hábito de fumar. Las intervenciones dirigidas de pérdida de peso en subgrupos de población podrían ser más efectivas para la prevención de la hipertensión que un enfoque de población general. Se recomienda encarecidamente una dieta rica en frutas y verduras con alto contenido de potasio. El magnesio debe ser considerado por cualquier persona que busque prevenir o tratar la presión arterial alta, aunque se requieren más investigaciones antes de hacer recomendaciones terapéuticas definitivas. El consumo de alcohol es un contribuyente más frecuente a la hipertensión de lo que generalmente se aprecia. Para los pacientes hipertensos en los que el estrés parece ser un problema importante, el manejo del estrés debe considerarse como una intervención.
Conclusiones: La base para una presión arterial saludable consiste en una dieta saludable, ejercicio adecuado, reducción del estrés y cantidades suficientes de potasio y magnesio, junto con otras intervenciones sobre factores de riesgo modificables.
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Epidemiologic context from pregnancy-related hypertension studies as cited in original review.
Dietary calcium and salt-sensitive hypertension studies as cited in original review.
Calcium, insulin sensitivity and blood pressure mechanisms as cited in original review.
Magnesium deficiency and hypertension. Experimental and clinical evidence as cited in original review.
Magnesium, atherogenesis and vascular calcification as cited in original review.
Magnesium and plasma renin activity in hypertension as cited in original review.
Ambulatory blood pressure reduction after magnesium supplementation as cited in original review.
Magnesium and endothelial nitric oxide pathways as cited in original review.
Magnesium as a natural calcium channel blocker as cited in original review.
Magnesium, intracellular sodium and vascular smooth muscle tone as cited in original review.
Meta-analysis of exercise and blood pressure reduction mechanisms as cited in original review.
Post-exercise hypotension and endothelial adaptations as cited in original review.
Resistance training and blood pressure outcomes as cited in original review.
Dynamic endurance training in mild to moderate essential hypertension as cited in original review.
Exercise training in older hypertensive adults as cited in original review.
Fagard and Cornelissen meta-analysis on exercise and blood pressure as cited in original review.
Aerobic exercise effects on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure as cited in original review.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of caffeine or coffee intake and blood pressure change as cited in original review.
Coffee consumption, acute blood pressure response and habitual tolerance as cited in original review.
Alcohol intake as a modifiable risk factor for hypertension as cited in original review.
Reduced alcohol intake and long-term blood pressure response as cited in original review.
Natural history of alcohol-related hypertension as cited in original review.
Clinical trials supporting the causal relationship between alcohol intake and blood pressure as cited in original review.
Dose-response and sex differences in alcohol-related blood pressure effects as cited in original review.
Sympathetic activation and vascular tone in alcohol-associated hypertension as cited in original review.
Psychosocial stress, atherosclerosis and blood pressure as cited in original review.
Stress, physiological integration and cardiovascular homeostasis as cited in original review.
Blood pressure reactivity to acute psychological stress and future hypertension as cited in original review.
Relaxation response techniques and essential hypertension as cited in original review.
Sympathetic-adrenomedullary activation, endothelial dysfunction and relaxation interventions as cited in original review.
Meta-analysis of stress management treatments for hypertension as cited in original review.
Slow breathing, cardiovascular reflex control and blood pressure reduction as cited in original review.
Double-blind trial of respiratory modulation and clinic blood pressure reduction as cited in original review.
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Derechos de autor 2020 Karen Analía Amarilla de Tascari (Autor/a)
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