Estrategias de promoción de la salud mental en entornos de atención primaria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14094358Keywords:
salud mental, atención primaria, promoción de la salud, intervenciones psicosociales, integración de servicios, barreras de implementación, políticas de saludAbstract
Objetivo: Examinar las estrategias de promoción de la salud mental en entornos de atención primaria, su efectividad y los factores que influyen en su implementación.
Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica narrativa utilizando bases de datos electrónicas como PubMed, PsycINFO y Web of Science. Se incluyeron publicaciones en inglés y español de los últimos 15 años (2008-2023) que abordaban estrategias de promoción de la salud mental en atención primaria.
Resultados: Se identificaron diversas estrategias, incluyendo intervenciones psicoeducativas, programas de manejo del estrés, intervenciones basadas en conciencia plena y promoción de la actividad física. La evidencia sugiere que estas estrategias pueden ser efectivas en mejorar los síntomas de salud mental, aumentar el bienestar psicológico y la calidad de vida. Las principales barreras para la implementación incluyen limitaciones de recursos, estigma y falta de capacitación del personal. Los facilitadores clave son la integración de servicios, el uso de tecnología y las políticas de apoyo.
Conclusiones: La promoción de la salud mental en atención primaria tiene el potencial de mejorar significativamente los resultados de salud mental. Sin embargo, su implementación efectiva requiere abordar barreras significativas y aprovechar los facilitadores identificados. Se necesita un enfoque integral que involucre cambios en la práctica clínica, políticas de salud e investigación para avanzar en la integración efectiva de la promoción de la salud mental en la atención primaria.
References
World Health Organization. Promoting mental health: concepts, emerging evidence, practice. WHO. 2004.
Patel V, Saxena S, Lund C, Thornicroft G, Baingana F, Bolton P, et al. The Lancet Commission on global mental health and sustainable development. The Lancet. 2018;392(10157):1553-1598.
World Health Organization. Mental health action plan 2013-2020. WHO. 2013.
Jané-Llopis E, Barry M, Hosman C, Patel V. Mental health promotion works: a review. Promotion & Education. 2005;12(2_suppl):9-25.
Petersen I, Evans-Lacko S, Semrau M, Barry MM, Chisholm D, Gronholm P, et al. Promotion, prevention and protection: interventions at the population- and community-levels for mental, neurological and substance use disorders in low- and middle-income countries. International Journal of Mental Health Systems. 2016;10:Article 30.
Bower P, Gilbody S. Managing common mental health disorders in primary care: conceptual models and evidence base. BMJ. 2005;330(7495):839-842.
Thornicroft G, Mehta N, Clement S, Evans-Lacko S, Doherty M, Rose D, et al. Evidence for effective interventions to reduce mental-health-related stigma and discrimination. The Lancet. 2016;387(10023):1123-1132.
Chisholm D, Sweeny K, Sheehan P, Rasmussen B, Smit F, Cuijpers P, et al. Scaling-up treatment of depression and anxiety: a global return on investment analysis. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2016;3(5):415-424.
Kakuma R, Minas H, Ginneken N, Dal Poz MR, Desiraju K, Morris JE, et al. Human resources for mental health care: current situation and strategies for action. The Lancet. 2011;378(9803):1654-1663.
Eaton J, McCay L, Semrau M, Chatterjee S, Baingana F, Araya R, et al. Scale up of services for mental health in low-income and middle-income countries. The Lancet. 2011;378(9802):1592-1603.
Popay J, Roberts H, Sowden A, Petticrew M, Arai L, Rodgers M, et al. Guidance on the conduct of narrative synthesis in systematic reviews. A product from the ESRC methods programme. Lancaster University. 2006. Available from: https://www.lancaster.ac.uk/media/lancaster-university/content-assets/documents/fhm/dhr/chir/NSsynthesisguidanceVersion1-April2006.pdf
Jorm AF, Korten AE, Jacomb PA, Christensen H, Rodgers B, Pollitt P. "Mental health literacy": a survey of the public's ability to recognise mental disorders and their beliefs about the effectiveness of treatment. Medical Journal of Australia. 2019;166(4):182-186.
Heber E, Ebert DD, Lehr D, Cuijpers P, Berking M, Nobis S, et al. The benefit of web-and computer-based interventions for stress: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2017;19(2):e32.
Demarzo MM, Montero-Marin J, Cuijpers P, Zabaleta-del-Olmo E, Mahtani KR, Vellinga A, et al. The efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions in primary care: a meta-analytic review. The Annals of Family Medicine. 2015;13(6):573-582.
Rosenbaum S, Tiedemann A, Sherrington C, Curtis J, Ward PB. Physical activity interventions for people with mental illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2014;75(9):964-974.
Zalsman G, Hawton K, Wasserman D, Heeringen K, Arensman E, Sarchiapone M, et al. Suicide prevention strategies revisited: 10-year systematic review. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2016;3(7):646-659.
Archer J, Bower P, Gilbody S, Lovell K, Richards D, Gask L, et al. Collaborative care for depression and anxiety problems. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2012;10:CD006525.
Fava GA, Cosci F, Guidi J, Tomba E. Well-being therapy in depression: New insights into the role of psychological well-being in the clinical process. Depression and Anxiety. 2017;34(9):801-808.
Wiles N, Thomas L, Abel A, Barnes M, Carroll F, Ridgway N, et al. Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy for treatment-resistant depression in primary care: the CoBalT randomised controlled trial. Health Technology Assessment. 2016;20(14):1-408.
Corrigan PW, Druss BG, Perlick DA. The impact of mental illness stigma on seeking and participating in mental health care. Psychological Science in the Public Interest. 2014;15(2):37-70.
Olfson M. The rise of primary care physicians in the provision of US mental health care. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law. 2016;41(4):559-583.
Patel V, Belkin GS, Chockalingam A, Cooper J, Saxena S, Unützer J. Grand challenges: integrating mental health services into priority health care platforms. PLoS Medicine. 2013;10(5):e1001448.
Andersson G, Titov N. Advantages and limitations of Internet-based interventions for common mental disorders. World Psychiatry. 2014;13(1):4-11.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Igor Ernesto Marcet Franco, Andrés Giménez, Pablo Gómez, Ana da Silva, Lisandry Riveros, Clara Segovia, Santiago Martincich, María Belén Giménez-Reyes (Autor/a)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Articles are distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International — CC BY 4.0 licence. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication. Any reuse must acknowledge authorship, cite the original source and indicate whether changes were made.
